Monday, 6 October 2014

BIOETHICS - SCIENCE

THEME #2: BIOETHICS-SCIENCE


02/09/2009 Spiegel online (adapted)          

Italy Debates the Right to Die

A debate is currently raging in Italy as to whether a coma patient should be allowed to die or not. Now that Prime Minister Berlusconi has become closely involved, the question has become a constitutional one as well.

In a statement on Friday explaining why he refused to sign an emergency government decree, Napolitano said it could damage "the reciprocal respect between powers and organs of the state." Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, who wrote the decree, was much more direct. "This is murder…. I'm not Pontius Pilate."

At issue is the case of Eluana Englaro, 38, who has been in a coma ever since a car accident 17 years ago. Doctors say she will never wake up -- and for the last decade, her father has been fighting for her right to die.

Doctors have confirmed that Englaro's brain damage is so severe that she will never again regain consciousness or awareness. Her father, Beppino Englaro, insists that his daughter, after visiting a friend who was in a coma, told him that she would never want to live, "if she couldn't be what she was." He has been fighting for the removal of her tubes for the last 10 years in a prolonged court battle. Berlusconi issued an emergency decree on Friday in attempt to reverse a high court ruling allowing Englaro to die. Ever since Napolitano refused to approve the decree, saying it defied the high court ruling, the search has been on in Rome for a new way to keep Englaro alive.

The Berlusconi government is attempting to speed a law through parliament which would prohibit the suspension of food to patients who cannot feed themselves. Berlusconi has also argued that Englaro should live because she is "in the condition to have babies" -- a remark described as "shocking" by Italy's paper La Stampa.

Italy, which is predominantly Roman Catholic, is divided equally on this issue, with 47 percent hoping Eluana Englaro will be allowed to die and 47 percent wanting her kept alive, according to a recent poll. Right-to-die activists and those against mercy killings are holding vigils and protests throughout the country.

Meanwhile, the Vatican has voiced a clear opinion and even placed pressure on the government. According to the London Times, Berlusconi held a frantic telephone conversation with Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, the Vatican's secretary of state, in which the cardinal told him, "we have to stop this crime against humanity." Pope Benedict XVI also referred to Englaro over the weekend, calling on society to defend "the absolute and supreme dignity of every human being."

Once Englaro's feeding tubes are removed, doctors say it will take four to five days before her condition becomes irreversible and it could take up to two weeks for her heart to stop beating. Yet, according to Englaro's anaesthetist, Dr. Amato De Monte, "Eluana will not suffer because Eluana died 17 years ago."



Italy Debates the Right to Die
Currently: à l’heure actuelle
A debate is raging: un débat fait fureur/rage
A statement: une declaration
Emergency: urgence
To damage: mettre à mal
A decade: une décennie
To regain: retrouver
The removal: la suppression/le retrait
To prohibit= to ban : interdire
A poll= a survey: une enquête / un sondage
To voice: exprimer / formuler

Napolitano is the President of the Italian Republic elected in 2006 and re-elected in 2013.

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